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How do airline mergers affect passengers?

Quick answer

Airline mergers usually give you a bigger route network and one larger loyalty program, but the trade-off is less competition on some routes and a bumpy year or two of integration that can bring canceled flights, IT glitches, and reshuffled perks.

When two airlines combine, they eventually operate as one carrier with one website, one frequent-flyer program, and one combined schedule. For passengers, the effects land in a few buckets: your network gets bigger, your miles and elite status get merged, fares and competition shift, and the actual integration can be messy for a while.

The upsides: bigger network, one loyalty program

The clearest win is reach. A merged airline flies more routes, so your miles and status suddenly work in more places. Loyalty programs get combined, usually with balances converted so you do not lose value. When Alaska Airlines acquired Hawaiian Airlines (the deal closed in September 2024), the two loyalty programs were eventually combined into a single program called Atmos Rewards, which launched in 2025, and existing balances converted at a 1:1 ratio. Elite status is often matched across both airlines early, before the full merger finishes. Alliances matter too: most big carriers belong to one of three global alliances (Star Alliance, Oneworld, or SkyTeam), and a merger can change which lounges and partner airlines you can access.

The short-term messiness of integration

This is the part passengers feel most. Combining two airlines means merging reservation systems, union contracts, fleets, and airport operations, and that can take a year or more. Expect some rough edges:

Fares, routes, and competition

This is the real long-term question. Fewer airlines can mean less competition, and on routes where the two used to compete head-to-head, fares can rise. In the US, the Big Four (American, Delta, United, and Southwest) already carry most domestic passengers, so regulators review deals closely. The Department of Transportation and the Justice Department can block a merger or attach conditions. When Alaska and Hawaiian merged, the DOT required them to protect the value of customer miles and keep serving key routes. Other regions review mergers too. In the EU, the European Commission can force an airline to give up airport slots so rivals can keep competing.

What this means for you

If your airline is merging, link your accounts early to lock in status matches, spend any miles you are worried about sooner rather than later, and double-check booked flights around the systems cutover date. Watch for a new program name and an updated award chart. And if a route you fly loses competition, compare it against nearby airports and other carriers before you book.

Related questions

Do airline mergers make tickets more expensive?
Sometimes. On routes where the two airlines used to compete directly, fares can rise because there is less competition. On other routes, the bigger combined network can add options. That is why US regulators review mergers before approving them.
What happens to my miles and elite status in a merger?
They almost always carry over. Loyalty programs get combined and balances are usually converted at a set ratio so you keep your value, and elite status is often matched between the two airlines early in the process.
How long does an airline merger take to finish?
The legal deal can close in months, but fully combining operations like reservation systems, crews, and schedules often takes a year or two. That stretch is when passengers feel the most disruption.

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