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Airline trouble

What happens to the planes and routes when an airline shuts down?

Quick answer

When an airline shuts down, most of its planes go back to the leasing companies that owned them, get flown into desert storage, and are re-leased or parted out. Its gates and airport slots get sold or reassigned to other carriers, and rival airlines quickly add flights to soak up the abandoned routes.

Almost nothing about a failed airline just disappears. The valuable pieces, meaning the jets, the gates, the takeoff and landing slots, and the popular routes, all get scooped up by leasing companies, rivals, and the bankruptcy court. Here is where each piece goes.

Where the jets go

Most airlines do not own their planes. They lease them from big aircraft leasing companies. When the airline collapses, those lessors send crews to repossess their jets and often fly them straight to desert storage yards in places like Goodyear, Arizona, where long-term parking is cheap. From there a plane usually meets one of three fates:

What happens to gates and slots

Gate leases and airport slots are some of the most valuable things a dying airline owns. Gates are usually leased from the airport, and the bankruptcy court can transfer those leases to another carrier for a fee. At the handful of slot-controlled US airports, like New York's JFK and LaGuardia and Washington's Reagan National, takeoff and landing slots are prized assets that rivals compete hard to grab. Airlines pay real money for them, because you cannot add flights without somewhere to park and a time to take off.

How rivals grab the routes

In the US, airlines do not own domestic routes, so when one carrier vanishes there is suddenly unmet demand on those city pairs. Competitors move fast to add flights and capture those passengers, especially on the busy, profitable routes. International routes can be trickier, since some are governed by government-to-government agreements, but the general pattern holds: someone else fills the gap. That is why a shutdown rarely leaves a city with no service for long.

What this means for you: If your airline shuts down, your ticket is the loose end. Under US DOT rules you are owed a refund for a canceled flight, but a bankrupt airline may be temporarily blocked from paying it. Your fastest fix is usually a credit card chargeback under the Fair Credit Billing Act for a service you never received. Other airlines sometimes offer discounted rescue fares to stranded travelers, but since 2005 that has been voluntary, not required, so do not count on it. Book a new flight if you need to travel, and file a claim with the bankruptcy court to try to recover the rest.

Related questions

Will another airline honor my ticket if my airline shuts down?
Sometimes, but they do not have to. The federal rule that once required it expired in 2005, so any rescue fare today is a voluntary courtesy. Rebook on another carrier and pursue a refund or chargeback for the old ticket.
How do I get my money back when an airline goes under?
If you paid by credit card, ask your card company for a chargeback under the Fair Credit Billing Act, since you paid for a flight you did not get. You can also file a proof of claim with the bankruptcy court, though those payouts are slow and often only partial.
What happens to my frequent flyer miles?
They usually become close to worthless. Miles are basically an unsecured IOU, so in a full shutdown they rank behind other creditors. Once in a while a buyer or partner airline honors some balances, but there is no guarantee.

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